The Incorporation of America Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Incorporation of America - Research Paper Example An expansion in national hesitance happened during the period of industry. As per Miller and Smith, America is known with the idea of rough independence. To Trachtenberg, there are powers that add to America’s social cooperative energy in that industrialization started a contention between incredible companies and the laborers. The pressures among industrialists and workers, organizations and people, delivered a national apprehension, as introduced by Trachtenberg (p.74). Divisions in classes turned into the focal point of America as the tip top determined wealth while the lion's share lost trust in flourishing as they were pushed in the process of childbirth. Trachtenberg presents different calculated destinations in which contending perspectives on American uniqueness played out. In genuine sense, the west speaks to the achievement of improvement and opportunity over the normal assets conservation; simultaneously, the humanizing procedure of Native Americans was exceptionall y think. To industrialists, motorization implied productivity underway and gathering of riches, as an apparatus to profit individuals. To laborers, automation spoke to the debasement of labor and implied the future which implied that loss of human opportunity at work and likely in the public arena was overwhelmed by mechanical mistreatment. Trachtenberg outlines that changed encounters isolated little ranchers, modern laborers, brokers, producers, supervisors, administrative and deals laborers, instructors, engineers, government employees, and quick developing layer of attorneys. A significant accord was destroyed in the 1870 emergency. Work developments were forestalled by racial, ethnic, geographic scattering, and sexual segregation; depleting and routinely ruining living and working conditions, and proceeding with rough resistance from the press, representatives, and the system (p 94). As indicated by Smith in, legislative issues, pluralism, and force, governmental issues of soci al battles and social patriotism describe American examinations. Trachtenberg shifts his emphasis on this idea by expressing that the processing plant structure left changeless spots that characterized American culture and society. The plated age roused the disappointment of populist development that mirrored a craving to return to the works of art of goals in America spoke to in agrarian legends. Americans were equivalent strategically, yet America was not financially equivalent. Urban communities likewise spoke to the imbalance and pressure that characterized America. Residents were microcosms of class debates, battles and the purchaser arranged images populaces that the nation had transformed into, with the overlaid age, which was portrayed by foundations, for example, periodicals, retail establishments, and mass onlooker sports. During this age, America’s honesty was lost and it got relative. In any case, the industrialization and the age being referred to characterized t he residents of America. As indicated by Trachtenberg (p. 139), the strains were dictated by the first class class’s triumph, implying that their way of life set up itself as an official principle as they controlled business, work, and legislative issues over the squabbling, separated voices of the center and lower classes. In genuine sense, America was not bound together yet rather comprised different arrangements of strains which were at long last overwhelmed by the elites. The creator presents a section on governmental issues of culture where he uncovered

The Economic Impact Of The Attack On The World Trade Center Essays

The Economic Impact Of The Attack On The World Trade Center THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF THE ATTACK ON THE WORLD CENTER AND THE PENTAGON TRADE The impacts of the assaults on the World Trade Center and Pentagon are undulating all through the world, by segment, by district, and by advertise. Security markets, inside and outside the U.S., effectively anxious from a deceleration in overall monetary action, are battling to discover heading in the fallout of the assault. There now appears to be little uncertainty that the U.S. what's more, worldwide economies will slip into downturn. The aviation, protection and banking enterprises, legitimately associated with the assault, will endure the most. The carrier part had just been enduring a lull because of lower financial development and reductions in business travel. At that point, right now the main plane hit the principal tower, the U.S. carrier industry was managed a much progressively extreme blow. In the ten days that followed, nine U.S. aircrafts were downsized or had their appraisals put using a loan watch with negative ramifications. Air terminals and aviation likewise felt the credit sway. In New York, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, housed in the World Trade Center, was set using a loan watch with negative ramifications, and, in the days that followed, each North American air terminal and air terminal related extraordinary office and 13 business aviation organizations - plane makers; motor makers; providers of airplane frameworks, segments, and materials; and merchants giving avionics supportwere put on layaway watch with negative ramifications. The impact of the assault on the World Trade Center, becau se of lessened air travel, goes further in influencing the inn business and the travel industry. Presently, as the loss of life rises and as property harm is being evaluated, it appears to be very likely that this disaster will be back up plans' biggest at any point safeguarded misfortune. Protection investigators have said that, when misfortunes surpassed $15 billion, it would hope to see a noteworthy effect on the accounting reports of individual safety net providers. Up until now, evaluated net total protected misfortunes, from 55 driving safety net providers and reinsurers, are $19.2 billion. This figure is required to keep rising. Burglarize Jones, a chief in Standard and Poor's Financial Services bunch in London, has said that misfortunes would need to surpass $50 billion preceding the whole business were in a tough situation, and it is quick moving toward that line. Indeed, even in Asia's rising economies, insurance agencies are probably going to feel the effect of the assault. Albeit Asian organizations are bound to be influenced by introduction to venture unpredictabili ty more than by presentation to claims, the appraisals on auxiliaries of remote safety net providers might be influenced if their parent organizations cause significant cases because of the assaults on U.S. targets. Alan Greenspan, executive of the U.S. national bank, expects some troublesome occasions ahead for organizations and laborers however stays hopeful about the drawn out quality of the U.S. economy. Affirming before the House of Representatives Banking Committee September 20, Greenspan said that the September 11 fear based oppressor assaults on the World Trade Center and Pentagon caused impressive vulnerability that brought about business decreasing or postponing spending plans. Undoubtedly, much monetary action came to a standstill a week ago, he said. Banks and speculation banks have for the most part endured the underlying period of the disengagements brought about by the assaults on the World Trade Center. The installments framework kept on working even in the quick fallout of the fiasco, and money related markets are presently all just getting started by and by. Monetary investigators intend to concentrate on the medium to longer-term suggestions. For instance, credit presentation to those businesses that may have been generally influenced by the catastrophe will add to the previously mounting credit issues that a few banks may have. Venture banks could be particularly helpless against the business interference and potential effect of a further log jam in effectively powerless capital markets. Any forceful offer buybacks will additionally lessen the resilience limit for income pressures. Outside the U.S., the assaults are probably going to add to the weights of banks, as speculation unpredictability turns into a danger to the effectively dubious money related places of banks. Despite the fact that the monetary impacts of the assault on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon have raised different sentiments from budgetary examiners, none of them has the ability to

Coming Soon!

Coming Soon! I havent been as buried as my fellow premed Chris S., 11, whos working on a thesis right now, but the pre-finals frenzy (read: cramming assignments into the two to three weeks before finals) means that I also need to make a few promises on future content. Quite a lot has been compressed into these past few weeks and thats not even including classes, which we can assume is a constant, akin to death and taxes. Naturally, almost all of this will be going up on the blogs quite soon, but first, a brief taste of what to expect from me over the coming weeks: Famous people at MIT: Yes, we have a number of Nobel laureates, but every now and then, we invite some other talented and generally exciting people to campus. And then there are those who just wind up on campus through some other events.Im not one to spoil a surprise, but Ill be covering about three or four of those people. Just this week, weve had an activist, a former attorney general, a local actor, and an astronaut come to the Institute. And, quite notably, I was able to outcreep the ever-lovable Elizabeth, 13, by snapping a picture of one of these people in uncomfortably close range. Even if you can take a guess on who they are, you havent heard much about it until youve heard it from an MIT student and a blogger. So yeah. Edit, from not even one minute after I posted this originally: Matt McGann already told you who the actor was. But I didnt see Mark Wahlberg anyway, so there. I still get to talk about the mystery celebrity whom I photographed at really close range. The FSILGD Challenge: This ones likely to go up very soon, as the awards ceremony took place last week. In a nutshell, Amanda D., a sophomore at MIT and a course 15 major, has worked with MITs Public Service Center to bring a new philanthropic challenge to MITs living communities.The stories told by some of the participating fraternities, sororities, and dorms are a great look at how one can maintain the work/everything else balance that is so desired at a place like MIT. More importantly, they show a great degree of compassion and commitment, and I greatly look forward to bringing this post up soon. Finding a UROP A Freshmans Take: You may recall that my search for a UROP has been going on intermittently ever since IAP. In fact, I was able to get a taste of neuroscience research with a post-doc at the Saxe Lab, but since Dr. Liane Young will be relocating to Boston College over the summer, Ive had my hands full in chasing another summer research position down.As far as my summer prospects go, my search is nearing its conclusion. And now, for the obligatory suspense: Did I find another UROP? Will I be working in a Brain and Cognitive Sciences lab, or somewhere else? Do I even get to be paid for this stuff? And how hard is it to land a research position in the first place? All of these questions and more! will be answered once I get to this post. The Perks of Being Course 9: To be convincingly argued once Ive become a fully-fledged member of the department. I dropped off my declaration of major form earlier this week, but the emails welcoming me to the Brain and Cognitive Sciences major have yet to roll in. But honestly, course 9 by itself is just awesome, so I dont expect this goal to be too challenging for me :p Studying a ton for 5.12, and doing a 9.00 essay / laundry. Wait, that sounds like my actual to-do list If you guys have anything else youd like to know about MIT life, put a few ideas down on the comments! Im always looking for new things to explore, if only because itll preserve my soul from the fatigue induced by a rigorous course load. But speaking of work, I must return to my studies for a bit; I shall reemerge from time to time with updates!

Racism Of The Justice System - 1985 Words

Racism in the Justice System Abstract: The goal of this archival research study is to identify the deep rooted prejudice and racism that has been perpetuated in our criminal justice system since it was created. Our justice system creates an unfair racial hierarchy that has and continues to criminalize African Americans due to the color of their skin. I will be analyzing the Reagan administration, the War on Drugs, corrupt police practices, media, and sentencing in order to reveal if racism and unfair treatment of African Americans in the criminal justice system is in fact occurring. Introduction: The criminal justice system is defined as the set of agencies and processes established by governments to control crime and impose penalties†¦show more content†¦Reagan Administration Ronald Reagan was president from 1981 to 1989, in which Americans saw a radical change in economic policy in the United States, commonly referred to as Reaganomics. Reaganomics on the surface called for increased military spending, tax cuts, deregulation of markets, and a decrease in social spending. However, Reaganomics was also known during this timeLOOKHERE federal, state, and local funding of the criminal justice system exploded (Miller, 1996, p.2). In less than a decade, the prisons in California doubled (Davis, 2003, p.13). The media created a violent crime panic by over representing and sensationalizing African American crimes to support Reaganomics. However, the National Crime Survey (NCS) showed crime decreasing from 1981-1990 (Miller, 1996, p. 29). Harvard Professor James Wilson advocated for â€Å"†¦the wide expansion of aggressive law enforcement, stricter laws, harsher sentences, and building more prisons† that impacted the nations policies during this period (Miller, 1996, p.139). The Assistant Attorney General, Richard Abell, claimed that locking up an offender for a year saves $405,000 in criminal activity (Miller, 1996, p.147). But the cost of incarcerating one person is between $50,000 and $60,000 per year depending on the state. That costs taxpayers over $63 billion per year (Teichner, 2012). How could so much money be saved by locking people up

Helicoprion, Prehistoric Shark Facts and Figures

The only surviving evidence of the prehistoric shark Helicoprion is a tight, curled-up coil of triangular teeth, a bit like a fruit roll-up, but considerably deadlier. As far as paleontologists can tell, this bizarre structure was attached to the bottom part of Helicoprions jaw, but exactly how it was used, and on what prey, remains a mystery. Some experts think the coil was used to grind away the shells of swallowed mollusks, while others (perhaps influenced by the movie Alien) think Helicoprion unfurled the coil explosively like a whip, spearing any unfortunate creatures in its path. Whatever the case, the existence of this coil is proof that the natural world can be stranger than (or at least as strange as) fiction! A recent fossil analysis, conducted with the aid of a high-resolution CT scanner, appears to have solved the Helicoprion enigma. Apparently, this creatures whirled teeth were actually housed inside the bone of its lower jaw; the new teeth gradually unfurled into Helicoprions mouth and pushed the older ones further away (indicating either that Helicoprion replaced its teeth unusually rapidly, or that it subsisted on soft-bodied prey like squids). In addition, when Helicoprion closed its mouth, its distinctive tooth whorl pushed food further into the back of its throat. In this same article, the authors argue that Helicoprion was not, in fact, a shark, but a prehistoric relative of the cartilaginous fish known as ratfish. Time Period of the Helicoprion Part of what makes Helicoprion such an exotic creature is when it lived: all the way from the early Permian period, about 290 million years ago, to the early Triassic, 40 million years later, at a time when sharks were only beginning to obtain a tentative toehold (or finhold) on the undersea food chain, competing as they did with comparably fierce marine reptiles. Amazingly, the early Triassic fossil specimens of Helicoprion indicate that this ancient shark somehow managed to survive the Permian-Triassic Extinction Event, which killed a whopping 95 percent of marine animals (though, to be fair, Helicoprion only managed to struggle on for a million years or so before succumbing to extinction itself). Helicoprion Facts and Figures Name: Helicoprion (Greek for spiral saw); pronounced HEH-lih-COPE-ree-onHabitat: Oceans worldwideHistorical Period: Early Permian-Early Triassic (290-250 million years ago)Size and Weight: About 13-25 feet long and 500-1,000 poundsDiet: Marine animals; possibly specialized in squidsDistinguishing Characteristics: Shark-like appearance; rolled-up teeth in front of jaw

Native Americans of Chesapeake Bay Free Essays

The Native American group in the Chesapeake Bay region was known collectively as the Powhatan Federation of Indians. Powhatan also refers to the Algonquin Indian chief that lived and ruled in the region around the early 17th century. The Algonquians were a deeply religious group of people subsisted primarily through agriculture. We will write a custom essay sample on Native Americans of Chesapeake Bay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The natives referred to the area as Tsenacommacah. Powhatan was the weroance, or chief ruler of Tsenacommacah and 25 other Algonquin villages. Powhatan would play a significant role with the 104 men from the Virginia company that made up the settlement of Jamestown. Powhatan agreed to an alliance with the settlers, Powhatan would provide the colonists with foodstuffs in exchange for guns, hatchets, and swords. Powhatan hoped this alliance would make him technologically superior over his people’s enemies. The following is a quote from Powhatan recorded by John smith in 1609; â€Å"I am not so simple as not to know it is better to eat good meat, sleep comfortably, live quietly with my women and children, laugh and be merry with the English, and being their friend, trade for their copper and hatchets, than to run away from them. (Smithsonian source, 2012) Joint stock companies were business corporations that amassed capital through sales of stock to investors. Joint stock companies were the forerunners for modern day corporations. The Virginia Company was a joint stock venture that funded the settlement at Jamestown. Colonies required ongoing capital investments and the lack of immediate returns created tensions between stockholders and the colonists. Although investors were expecting great returns, there was great risk and start up costs, and could take years to recoup their money. With an excess landless population to serve as workers, and motivated, adventurous, or devout investors, the joint-stock company became the vehicle by which England finally settled the Western Hemisphere. The first joint stock company to launch its venture in the new world was The Virginia Company of London. In 1607 The Virginia Company established the first colony along the Chesapeake bay in what is now modern day Virginia. The new colony was called Jamestown, named after King James I. The colonists arrived in the midst of the worse drought in 1,700 years, and life in the new world was hard from the get go. The settlement at Jamestown was on a swampy peninsula located in the middle of a river. The colonists proved to be ill equipped for survival, and many fell victim to starvation and disease. In attempts to ease the colonists struggle for food ,Captain John Smith made a deal with the weroance. The Powhatan would help the colonists acquire food in exchange for weaponry. This deal was short lasting, as mutual mistrust built on both sides. The weroance relocated his primary village to an area not easily accessible to the colonists. The colonists struggled greatly without Powhatan’s help, and soon were driven to starvation. This time of hardship for the colonists was referred to as the â€Å"starving time. † The situation was very bleak for the colonists, and the starving time lasted from 1609-1610. Throughout the colonists year long struggle for survival many died, and one colonist resorted to cannibalism. This was the beginning of a bloody history that ensued between the colonists and the Powhatan people. In the spring of 1610 a new wave of settlers came to Jamestown, and brought with them more supplies. Around 1613, and in attempts to gain the upper hand , the colonists kidnapped Powhatan’s daughter Pocahontas. During her captivity she was converted to Christianity and married settler John Rolfe. This event helped to further sour the relationship between the two groups. The two also could not come to terms on each others ideas of property rights, gender roles, and religion. The colonists thought the Powhatan were lazy because they did not cultivate crops, conversely the Powhatan thought the colonists effeminate for doing so. Perhaps the biggest cause for dispute was the colonists superiority complex, in which they expected full cooperation from the native people to convert to Christianity and adopt English customs. Around 1620 Jamestown finally began to prosper through tobacco cultivation and exportation. Opechancanough, Powhatan’s brother, and successor, watched as the colonists expanded and attempted to convert the natives to Christianity. This angered Opechancanough, and in March of 1622 he attacked, killing 347 colonists. The Powhatans indiscriminately attacked, men, women, and children, mutilating many of their corpses. Although the colonists were surprised at the treachery of the Powhatans, a decade and a half of hatred fueled the natives call for vengeance. The massacre was a terrible loss to the settlers, but still they persevered. A short time had passed until the settlers inflicted massive retaliation on the Powhatans. One of the colonists wrote, â€Å" Now we have just cause to destroy them by all means possible, it is more easy to civilize them by conquest than faire meanest. † (Schwarz,1997) The two sides continued their brutal onslaught for the next ten years, and in 1632 an ill advised cease-fire was agreed upon. However, in 1644 the Powhatans attacked one last time, killing several more hundred settlers. In 1646 the Powhatans surrendered for good, but the bloody history and interaction of the two will never be forgotten. Norton, M. B. , Sheriff, C. , Blight, D. W. , Chudacoff, H. P. , Logevall, F. , Bailey, B. (2012), A people a nation, a history of the united states (Vol. 1) Ninth edition. Boston, MA, Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. Schwarz, Frederic D. â€Å" Massacre. † American Heritage Feb. -Mar. 1997 US History Collection. Web. 1 Apr. 2012Smith, John. (nd). Smithsonian Source. In Resources for teaching American History. Retrieved April 1, 2012, from http://www. smithsoniansource. org/. How to cite Native Americans of Chesapeake Bay, Essay examples

Tupac Shakur A Brief Orview Essays - Tupac Shakur, Gangsta Rappers

tupac shakur a brief orview joe tafolla On June 17, 1971 Tupac Amaru Shakur was born in East Harlem public hospital New York. His mother Afeni Shakur spent part of her pregnancy with Tupac in New York Womens Correctional Facility due to the many charges brought against her and twenty other Black Panther members, one of which included a conspiracy to bomb many public buildings in New York (Powell 22). The case against her dragged on for twenty-five months. While on bail she courted two men-Legs, a straight up gangster who did whatever necessary to make money and Billy a member of the Black Panther party (Powell 22). Afeni says that Tupac Amaru is the name of an Inca chief meaning Shinning serpent, while Shakur is Arabic meaning Thankful to god(qtd in Shakur 22). Afeni states that this name was the only one fitting enough for her miracle baby. By this she means that she thought that it was a miracle that she not only got to keep him but the fact that he survived while inside her. She states that while in prison she had to fight for an extra egg and a glass of milk each day (some of the basic nutrients needed to deliver a strong healthy baby). In 1986 Tupac and Afeni move to Baltimore where Tupac enrolled himself into the Baltimore school For The Performing Arts (Marriott NYT). It is here that Tupac first finds his sense of identity. Tupac states in Vibe magazine that since he and his mother did so much moving around, he was never really able to find friends that he had ties to, he states that he felt like he never really fit in anywhere because he was from everywhere. It is in Baltimore that Tupac is finally exposed to white people. He says that it is at his school that he finally got to interact with white people and they were not half bad, that not all of them were out to fuck a nigga over(Powell 23). It is at the Baltimore school where he first learns to write his first raps, under the name MC New York. At the end of his sophomore year his mother moved again, this time all the way to Marin City California. Tupac says that he still has not gotten over the fact that he had to move. Afeni leaving numerous messages back on the east coast trying to inform Legs of her recent move, so he will know where to find her when he gets out of prison dies shortly after he is released due to a heart attack caused by over dosing on crack cocaine. Tupac was never able to say good-bye to the only father that he ever knew. Marine City is across the bay from Oakland. Nicknamed the jungle because niggas there like to kick up dust (Powell 27). Afeni states that Marin City is essentially one giant housing complex. She states when he got to the west coast Tupac was taught the streets, or more so he started to learn the hard lessons of manhood that she couldnt teach him (Powell 27). It is in 1988 that Tupac drops out of high school stating, I just couldnt fit in and starts selling drugs for a near by neighborhood gang (qtd in Times March 10). Tupac says that he could cook, sew and clean house, but he just didnt feel hard. His mother did everything that she could do, but Afeni couldnt give him what he yearned for most, to be tuff (Pareles March 30). Tupac credits the loss of his manly figures throughout his life to his strong yearning to be accepted by the gangsters and feared by average citizen. Shortly after Tupac drops out of high school he moved in with a neighbor. Tupac would have to sell drugs to be able to stay in the house. Tupac states, I was in the streets before but only as my mothers son(Times Sept. 23). Tupac felt that he was old enough to make it on his own. Tupac says that his mother was always moving and he remembers promising himself that when he got old enough he would move out and find his own roots, a place

The 7 Books Every Pre-Med Student Should Read

The 7 Books Every Pre-Med Student Should Read SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips One of the best ways to learn about your future career is to read about it. That’s true for becoming a doctor, too! As a pre-med student, books about medicine can help you prepare for medical school, but they can also introduce you to what it really means to care for your patients. That’s why we’ve compiled a list of the seven books every pre-med student must read before they go to medical school. This list includes everything from MCAT prep books to grislybut educational!books about the darker side of medical history. We’ve also included works that introduce you to some of the social and ethical complexities of medicine, too. Not only will these books widen your perspective on the field of medicine, they’ll also help you become a better doctor. Book #1: The Butchering Art: Joseph Lister's Quest to Transform the Grisly World of Victorian Medicine by Lindsey Fitzharris Winner of the 2018 PEN/E.O. Wilson Prize for Literary Science Writing, Fitzharris’ book takes readers into the dark world of Victorian medical science. Up until the mid-Victorian period, surgery was often tantamount to a death sentence. Doctors didn’t wash their hands or their instruments, the surgical operating theatre was open to spectators, and post-operative infection was considered a good thing! That all changed thanks to Joseph Lister, a British surgeon who pioneered the field of germ theory. Fitzharris gives readers a glimpse into the bloody history of medicine in Victorian England and traces Lister’s journey to change the field of surgical medicine. The Butchering Art is equal parts gruesome and fascinating, and we guarantee that you won’t be able to put it down. Actually, if you can’t get enough of the morbid history of medicine after reading Lindsey Fitzharris’ book, don’t worry! We also recommend Quackery: A Brief History of the Worst Ways to Cure Everything by Lydia Kangwhich explores the worst malpractices of medical historyand The Anatomy Murders by Lisa Rosner, which tells the story of medical body snatching and how it led to England’s first recorded serial killers. These books are guaranteed to help you understand the history of medicine better...and they might keep you up at night, too. Book #2:The Emperor of All Maladies by Siddhartha Mukherjee, MD, PhD When a book wins a Pulitzer Prize, you know it’s a good read. That’s definitely the case for The Emperor of All Maladies by Siddhartha Mukherjee, which provides a â€Å"biography† of cancer. Mukherjee traces the history of the disease all the way from its appearance thousands of years ago to today, and in doing so, helps readers better understand cancer as a disease. He also spends time looking at modern cancer treatment and talking about the future of cancer research, which will bring you up to speed on critical advancements in your future field. No matter what type of medicine you want to practice, cancer is the specter that haunts them all. Having a better understanding of the history and future of the disease will not only better prepare you to face it in your own medical career, but it will help you understand how to best support your patients who face such a scary diagnosis. Mukherjee’s sharp writing style makes this book a page turner that you don’t want to miss! (And once you’re done, you can watch the documentary, which was directed by none other than Ken Burns.) Book #3:Med School Uncensored by Richard Beddingfield, MD Now that we’ve given you two fascinating books about the history (and future!) of medicine, it’s time to turn to more traditional pre-med fare. That’s why we’ve chosen Med School Uncensored by Dr. Richard Beddingfield, which is an entertaining, pull-no-punches insider look at medical school. Advertised as a â€Å"good, bad, and ugly† guide to medical school, Beddingfield shares advice with readers that he wishes he knew before starting med school process himself. (He’s a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist, if you’re wondering.) Beddingfield’s book is a comprehensive guide to medical school, and he makes sure to incorporate perspectives from other doctors to give readers a comprehensive and reliable look at what it’s like to become a doctor. His goal is to demystify the process and help people better understand what they’re getting into when they decide to become a doctor. Even more importantly, Beddingfield gives you practical guidance to help you navigate every step of your med school journey. Med School Uncensored is definitely required reading for every pre-med student! If you’re looking for even more insider knowledge about the medical school experience after you finish Med School Uncensored, you can also check out Med School Confidential by Robert H. Miller and Daniel M. Bissell, MD. It also gives you a peek behind the proverbial curtain. Even though it was published more than ten years ago, Med School Confidential offers great time-tested advice about the med school process and covers everything from applying to medical schools to finding the perfect job after earning your white coat. Book #4: MCAT Complete 7-Book Subject Review 2019-2020 by Kaplan Test Prep Ah, yes...the dreaded MCAT exam. The MCAT is the test all aspiring doctors have to take before they can apply to medical school. It’s designed to be a rigorous test of your medical knowledge, and your score on the MCAT can determine whether you get into your dream school...or not. Basically, the MCAT is the medical school version of the SAT and ACT, and it’s just as important. Here’s the deal: the MCAT exam can make or break an aspiring doctor. That’s why we’ve chosen the beefiest MCAT prep book series out there to get you on the right track. We can’t emphasize it enough: studying for the MCAT early and often is critical to your success. This study set gives you many of the tools you need to get ready for the MCAT, including hundreds of practice questions, illustrations to help you visualize key concepts, and practice tests to help you get to know the test format long before exam day. And since this series is published by Kaplan, you can rest assured that you’re getting the most up-to-date exam advice, too! Book #5: Being Mortal by Atul Gawande If you haven’t heard of Atul Gawande, you’re missing out: he’s a surgeon at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, teaches at Harvard Medical School, and is a New York Times best-selling author. Basically, he’s a rockstar. All of his books about medicineincluding The Checklist Manifesto and Complicationsare worth reading, but for our money, Being Mortal is the book that no pre-med student should miss. And the critics agree: not only was Being Mortal voted one of the best books of 2017 by...well, basically everyone, it also spent a staggering 85 weeks on the New York Times bestseller list. So like we said, it’s definitely a book that’s worth your time. Being Mortal deals with one of the hardest aspects of medicine: end-of-life care. It can be hard for doctors, whose job it is to fight off death every day, to realize when it’s best to stop treating the illness and start giving palliative care. Gawande explores how the American medical system deals with aging and the inevitable illness that comes with it, and he argues that medical treatment should focus on how patients want to live rather than just extending life, especially in terminal circumstances. As a pre-med student, you’re going to school to become a doctor and save lives. But Gawande’s book shows young, aspiring doctors that their job is about more than preserving lifeit’s about giving quality of life, too. Being Mortal will transform the way you think about dying, and it will definitely change the way you practice medicine. Book #6: Ask Me About My Uterus by Abby Norman Abby Norman had her whole life ahead of her: as a bright young student, she had just started attending Sarah Lawrence College. But everything ground to a halt when she woke up one day in excruciating abdominal pain. Ask Me About My Uterus is Abby’s memoir about her eight-year journey from the onset of her illness to getting a firm diagnosis. This book gives readers a patient’s perspective on the medical system, especially when it comes to treating women. Norman explains that doctors rarely take women’s pain seriously: in fact, when women report being in pain, they are more likely to be prescribed sedatives than pain killers than men who complain of similar symptoms. As she walks through her experience, she also researches the history of medicine and exposes how often it’s biased against women. As a future doctor, it’s important for you to understand how medicine, even as it works to help and heal, isn’t immune from prejudice. The only way to combat this is for up-and-coming doctors (like you!) to understand how the current medical system falls short. And that’s why we picked Norman’s book for our list. Not only will Ask Me About My Uterus help you better understand what it’s like to be a patient with a chronic, undiagnosed illness, it will also open your eyes to the gender biases of the medical field. Book #7: Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance by Angela Duckworth Okay, okay. This book isn’t technically about medicine. Instead, Grit is a book about how passion and perseverance, rather than raw talent or achievement, is the key to long-term success. More importantly, Grit teaches readers how to push through challenges and setbacks to reach your goals. So why have we decided to give Duckworth’s book a place on our list? It’s simple: medical school is hard. (And that’s an understatement!) There’s no coasting through classes, and most students will find themselves struggling at some point. This can be really hard for medical students, are often ambitious and high achieving. And that’s a good thing! But you also need to learn how to push through adversity and hardship if you’re going to make it in medical school. In her book, Duckworth shows readers how to cultivate perseverancewhat she calls â€Å"grit†which is what allows people to handle adversity and learn from their mistakes. She also gives helpful tips for developing tenacity, and how to use failure as a springboard toward your goals. By developing a little more grit, you’ll be better prepared to tackle any obstacle med school throws your way! What’s Next? Now that you’ve got these books under your belt, take some time learning more about what it means to be â€Å"pre-med,† and what that means for getting into medical school. If you’re still in high school, there’s plenty you can do to get yourself ready for the road ahead. Here’s an article that breaks down the most important things you can do to prepare yourself for medical school before you ever start college! Did you know that where you get your undergraduate degree can affect your chances at getting into the medical school of your dreams? If you’re applying to college, it’s important to consider which schools offer the best pre-med programs. These recommendations are based solely on our knowledge and experience. If you purchase an item through one of our links, PrepScholar may receive a commission.

How to Measure Motion in Plate Tectonics

How to Measure Motion in Plate Tectonics The lithospheric plates are the sections of Earths crust and upper mantle that move- very slowly- over the lower mantle below. We know that these plates move from two different lines of evidence- geodetic and geologic- which allow us to trace their movements back in geologic time. Geodetic Plate Motion Geodesy, the science of measuring the Earths shape and positions on it, allows us to measure plate motion directly using GPS, the Global Positioning System. This network of satellites is more stable than the Earths surface, so when a whole continent moves somewhere at a few centimeters per year, GPS can tell. The longer we record this information, the more accurate it becomes, and in much of the world, the numbers are already quite precise. Another thing GPS can show us is tectonic movements within plates. One assumption behind plate tectonics is that the lithosphere is rigid, and indeed that is still a sound and useful assumption. But parts of the plates are soft in comparison, like the Tibetan Plateau and the western American mountain belts. GPS data helps us separate blocks that move independently, even if only by a few millimeters per year. In the United States, the Sierra Nevada and Baja California micro-plates have been distinguished this way. Geologic Plate Motion: Present Three different geologic methods help determine the trajectories of plates: paleomagnetic, geometric, and seismic. The paleomagnetic method is based on the Earths magnetic field. In every volcanic eruption, iron-bearing minerals (mostly magnetite) become magnetized by the prevailing field as they cool. The direction in which theyre magnetized points to the nearest magnetic pole. Because oceanic lithosphere forms continuously by volcanism at spreading ridges, the whole oceanic plate bears a consistent magnetic signature. When the Earths magnetic field reverses direction, as it does for reasons not fully understood, the new rock takes on the reversed signature. Thus most of the seafloor has a striped pattern of magnetizations as if it were a piece of paper emerging from a fax machine (only its symmetrical across the spreading center). The differences in magnetization are slight, but sensitive magnetometers on ships and aircraft can detect them. The most recent magnetic-field reversal was 781,000 years ago, so mapping that reversal gives us a good idea of plate movements in the most recent geologic past. The geometric method gives us the spreading direction to go with the spreading speed. Its based on the transform faults along the mid-ocean ridges. If you look at a spreading ridge on a map, it has a stair-step pattern of segments at right angles. If the spreading segments are the treads, the transforms are the risers that connect them. Carefully measured, these transforms reveal directions of spread. With plate speeds and directions, we have velocities that can be plugged into equations. These velocities match the GPS measurements nicely. Seismic methods use the focal mechanisms of earthquakes to detect the orientation of faults. Although less accurate than paleomagnetic mapping and geometry, these methods are useful for measuring plate movements in parts of the globe that arent well mapped and have fewer GPS stations. Geologic Plate Motion: Past We can extend measurements into the geologic past in several ways. The simplest one is to extend paleomagnetic maps of the oceanic plates out from the spreading centers. Magnetic maps of the seafloor translate precisely into age maps. These maps also reveal how the plates changed velocity as collisions jostled them into rearrangements. Unfortunately, the seafloor is relatively young, no more than about 200 million years old, because it eventually disappears beneath other plates by subduction. As we look deeper into the past, we must rely more and more on paleomagnetism in continental rocks. As plate movements have rotated the continents, the ancient rocks have turned with them, and where their minerals once indicated north, they now point somewhere else, toward apparent poles. When you plot these apparent poles on a map, they appear to wander away from true north as rock ages go back in time. In fact, north does not change (usually), and the wandering paleo-poles tell a story of wandering continents. Together, the methods listed above allow us to produce an integrated timeline of the movement of the lithospheric plates, a tectonic travelogue that leads smoothly up to the present.

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Project management - Essay Example This research shows that the project had clear goals but unclear requirements and the frequent changes required rescheduling and resulted in budget overruns. Although the project had budget overruns, it however met the desired outcomes. This study has shown that the key elements of project management are critically important in meeting the objectives and goals of project and giving the desired outcomes. Project management is an art and a science that involves organizing, securing, planning and managing of resources with an aim to accomplish specified goals. A project can be defined as a short-term or temporary endeavor whose beginning and the end is clearly defined. Project management plays a significant role in facilitating execution of projects such as new software development, installation of new hardware or building a facility. As mentioned by Wessels, project management helps in selecting, managing and supporting of projects that are of significant importance in accomplishment o f an organization’s objectives, making it vibrant at marketplace and maximizing shareholders wealth. In an organization set up, various divisions and departments compete for scarce human and financial resources; project management plays an important role in rational decision framework enabling people to make the appropriate project investment decisions. Project management plays a critical role in management of outcomes mainly the cost, time and performance of the project. Projects are selected based on cost and benefit analysis where their return on investment is evaluated against cost of implementation. Role of project manager According to Lewis (2004, p. 19), project manager has the total responsibility to ensure that all project details are handled properly, this requires them to be highly proactive and not reactive. Project manager should follow up on things ordered or scheduled ensuring that things like requisition and purchasing are effectively running, project manager helps in project planning, controlling, monitoring and organization of project resources. Project manager plays a significant role in giving a project economic approach by determining its (ROI) return on investment. Project manager is also responsible for project risk management; he must identify risks, monitor and design effective response. He is also responsible for project reporting to the management of the organization. Key elements in project management Key elements in project management include managing and controlling project scope through clearly established aims, objectives and goals, managing cost element, managing risks, managing human resources, managing time planning, control and scheduling, and managing quality to meet the desired standards (Lock, 2007, p. 78). Project integration, management communications, procurement processes, and quality are also key element in project management. Managing the project scope Project management plays a critical role in ensuring that the aims, goals and objectives of the project are clearly and articulately established. Many projects fail due to wrong or unclear goals and requirements. With unclear goals, project experiences problems, however, with wrong goals, projects fail spectacularly (Rusell 2007, p. 45). Scottish Parliament has clear and articulate goals and objectives but had no clear requirements. Scottish parliament changed requirements of that projects several times, for instance they increased functions of the building demanding for more size and space, these changes caused various difficulties to the project team causing budget

The March That Started a Movement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The March That Started a Movement - Case Study Example Time has come to praise the contribution King made to free the African American community from the slavery they were forced into for years by their white oppressors. This essay is significant for those who live in third world countries, in the end giving them the faith that, one day, they will also become strong leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. King was a minister from Alabama, who would later become the leading voice of the civil rights movement. For that, he traveled across the country, simultaneously arranging protests and marches to bring attention to the fight which African Americans faced on a day-to-day basis. Like many before him who had sought to end social prejudice and injustice, King was thrown in jail on several times; throughout the ordeal he sustained a personal viewpoint of peacefulness as a means of succeeding. He thought that taking a combative attitude would perhaps just formulate things of inferior quality, with the accurate way to success being achieved through avocation of both truth and acceptance. King is perhaps most famous for his approach during the Civil Rights Movement. He too would be impacted by the events of the movement, or by means of eminence at rest become diehard. In fact King and Quaid i.e azam were the best symbols of the historic civil rights movements of the 20th century which serve d to enhance the lives for a greater part of the world's common people. They established the efficiency of diplomatic tactics and by this means were able to help to decrease the violence and hate, with the purpose of triumphing over colonialism, as well as officially imposed cultural unfairness. In 1962, frustration had become widespread in African American communities throughout the country. The African American unemployment rate was twice as high in comparison to the rate of whites and sadly, major human rights reforms had not yet been accomplished. Asa Philip Randolph, labor leader and founder of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, had labeled the suggestion of a march as a need "for jobs and freedom." One of the most essential points of the march was the demand that Congress be interested in the process leading towards the anticipation of civil rights legislation. Negroes had become irritated by continued unfairness. Their definitive ambition was total, unqualified freedom for themselves. The mainstream white progressives were heated by the rough treatment given to the African American community. The march in the beginning was considered to be an affair, which would serve to remedy the distressed circumstances faced by the blacks in the South, along with an excepti onally free break on the road to placing organizers' concerns, as well as their objections, squarely before the seat of power in the nation's capital. They proceeded to condemn the federal government not being in favor of human rights and corporeal shelter of civil rights workers and blacks that lived, by and large, in the South. On the other hand, the factions did submit to presidential demands and authority of the Executive branch of government. Historically, most would consider the March on Washington as an especially momentous occurrence, not just in the United States, but the rest of the world as well. In excess of 250,000 people came to Washington in their bid to insist that equal opportunity for blacks are given and that Congress must

Models Of Strategic Change That Is Appropriate Management Essay

Models Of Strategic Change That Is Appropriate Management Essay Lewins change model is the appropriate model for the British Airways strategic change. According to this model, the initial step of any change process it to unfreeze the current pattern of behaviour as a way of managing opposition to the change. On the basis of the organizational level of change needed, such unfreezing may involve on the individual level by selectively promoting or terminating the employees and on the structural level- by developing highly experiential training, providing data based feedback on how employees feel about certain management practices. Each of these interventions is planned to make organizational members address that levels need for change. The next step, movement, involves making the definite changes that will shift the organization to any other level of response. On the individual level, we would anticipate to see people behaving in a different way, possibly representing new skills. At last, on the interpersonal- style level, we would anticipate to see behavior patterns that indicate better interpersonal trust and less dysfunctional interactions. The final stage of the change process which is refreezing involves stabilizing these This stage may involve redesigning the organizations employment process in order to increase the likelihood of hiring applicants who share the organizations new management style. LO1.2 Discuss how your chosen strategic change model is relevance British Airways in the Current economy Markov models and Monte Carlo simulations staff replacements can be employed along with the Delphi technique, for strategizing change. The application of Kurt Lewin is a wide-ranging plan of approach to hit issues governing the British Airways. Kurt Lewins three steps of change in British Airways had both the positive as well as the negative impacts on organisational employees and its structure. The existing pattern of behaviour, which is Unfreeze to cease resistance to change was ordained and was effecting a persons behaviour. It includes the downsizing of workforce policy and shortened employees incumbency and also reduced the hierarchical levels. It also empowered functioning people and made the decisions to spread fast which resulted in a better performance. Lewins second models bring forth highlight of top management to bottom-line. Obviously, it transformed the internal structure and system of the British Airways. It was also complemented with the incentives to absorb shock and a new performance appraisal was introduced in order to alleviate the change by placing the above systems in a behavioral pattern. It emphasized on customer pleasure and amalgamation of the entire team of people in the hierarchy. LO1.3 Discuss the benefits of your chosen strategic change models as intervention Techniques in British Airways British Airways today is the worlds most important airline. Because of the internal and external pressures, BA was forced to adapt to as corporate culture, value and company mission in order to improve the organisations performance. Lewins model is the most important strategic change model for BA. The Unfreezing Stage reduces the hierarchical levels and gives more independence to working people and also allows work to get done without any difficulty as a result the organisations performance is improved. In the past, retirement which is a policy to reduce employees was introduced in this stage. It was got a good response from many employees. There were major changes in British airways top management. The Movement Stage is the second stage of Lewins Model. In this stage, the company involved in building any change to be real which BA developed strategy and plans to bring the idea of the top management-level to the bottom-line employees. For supporting this stage, a number of internal British Airways structures and systems were altered like new bonus system and opening of Terminal 4 at Heathrow airport etc. The final stage is Refreezing in which the company had to alleviate changes by establishing systems which can make behavioral pattern in BA. For example, a new performance appraisal system was created to highlight customer service and subordinate development. BAs symbols were introduced to carry those changes. LO2: Understand issues relating to strategic change in an organisation LO2.1Based on the case study discuss why you think British Airways need change In the 90s, that British Airways was well-known as the worlds number one airline when it came to quality and customer satisfaction. Today the above mentioned statement would have obscurity in itself as British Airways strategy seems to have changed from a service focused business to one competing on value that the British Airways have implemented in an attempt to deal with low profits and the high operating costs. Today all the organisations are being all the time more challenged by change. Subsequently, they have to to be aware of the issues that force the need for change which means that the organisations call for a proactive approach to the strategic change management. A cooperative and peaceful work environment is a key need in every organisation and strikes in the organisations also affects the good will and brand of the organisation. Strikes in any organisation imply that there is lack of proper communication between employees and the managers which ultimately leads to growth of tension in the organisation climate. BA now need to adopt a strategy to ensure that strikes wont occur and for this over-communication need to be done to check nothing gets missed and the project manager and the employees must understand the value of compromise and work actively together in order to avoid any risk of bitter relationship which may give birth to a strike in the future. LO2.2 Assess the factors that are driving the need for strategic change at British Airways Strategic management is a set of managerial decisions and activities that determines the long-run performance of an organisation. It includes aspects such as strategy formulation on the basis of the current environment of the organisation, implementation of formulated strategy, and its evaluation and control. The organizational development tradition is an approach to carry out organizational change with a view to increase efficiency. A variety of employee involvement strategies are taken in to account, but there is minor confirmation for their effectiveness as a means of securing commitment and improved performance. Due to the incidents like the global slowdown in the travel industry and lower demand for bookings, that fuel costs rise sharply, costs of insurance going up in the BA saw the need for strategic changes in attracting the market. Strategic change is imperative for every business because it determines its success in the market. A major strategy of airlines is alliances or merges. Alliances or merges are a part of strategic management plan. Alliances are useful for any airlines to manage and preserve the business. This strategy was also adopted by the British Airways for better service and customer satisfaction. The motivating factor behind alliances is long-term profitability. Their formation is for strategic reasons like accessing larger markets and building hub-to-hub traffic etc. LO2.3 Assess the resource implications of British Airways not responding to strategic change British airways have been affected by the change in technology, business trends, and economic trends. They have been slow to adapt to the changes according to the changing world and this has become a major setback in the British Airways where they have lagged behind. The key problem for British Airways is the poor management strategies. Earlier, the company was doing amazingly well with high profits. The companys reliability had grown enormously in the transport industry as well and therefore it was termed as a company with class. Later on the troubles for the company led to its financial catastrophe due to lack of managerial strategies or we can say due to resistance to change. The change in the business trends is one of the main causes of the poor management strategies as the customers have been varying their behaviours from the conventional habits they were used to. Another main problem that is the root cause of the poor management strategies is the rise in fuel costs. Earlier in the past, the fuel prices were low and easily quantifiable. The times have passed by and the prices of the fuel today have sky rocketed which means that the income have diminished and have now transformed to losses. Because of this reason, the management of British Airways is having management crisis due to resistance to change. Another problem is the competitors of the company. There were no competitors in the past to compete with British airways. Earlier, the company did not have any struggle but this all changed with the formation of new rivals in the industry for example- Easy Jet due to which BA faced a huge loss of customers and they started making losses. Technology is also a problem which has affected British Airways leading to its huge poor management strategies. The organization strategic change management has been not efficient in solving all these entire problems. LO3 Stakeholders in developing a strategy for change LO3.1 Identify a system involving stakeholders in the planning of change at British For Creating a stakeholder aware culture in the organisation a structured approach is needed, skilful management is also essential. A structured process which is focussed on identifying the stakeholders, understanding their expectations and managing their expectations, monitoring the efficiency of the stakeholder activities and continual review of stakeholder community can be used to achieve success in managing stakeholder relationships. A stakeholder has a stake in the activities of the organisation. That stake may be an interest in the result or product, an individual or group influenced by the work or the product which may be direct or indirect. As an unremitting upgrading process, stakeholder administration requires understanding support from everyone in the organisation ranging from the CEO to the employee to the short-term contractor. This ensures the concepts of effective stakeholder relationship management in the organisation. Management should have to recognise that success criteria of its organisation must be broader than the bottom line considerations: -The only business driver is not only shareholder value. -Organisations today need to think about socially valuable behaviours such as sustainability and corporate social liability as an important part of their mission and goals. Many organisations followed the management ideologies of the bottom line. Above all, the CEO should be a hero and the shareholder value is supreme. Any kind of activity that an organisation undertakes, whether it be operational, strategic or tactical, the activity can only be unbeaten with the input, obligation and support of people- stakeholders. Attainment of and maintaining the support and loyalty of stakeholders requires a constant process of appealing the right stakeholders at the right time and obviously to understand and manage their expectations. LO3.2 Analyse the change management strategy of British Airways with stakeholders STAKEHOLDERS Stakeholders are the persons or groups who are impacted by or can influence the success or failure of an organisations actions. They are the groups or individuals who supply important resources. The Stakeholder Circle methodology The Stakeholder Circle is a five step methodology which provides a flexible and structured approach to understand and manage relationships within and around the organisationsactivity. It is based on the concept that the success of any organisations activities depend on the participation of the stakeholder community. With each of the activity a team is associated, often unobserved in many stakeholder engagement processes like it appeared to be known as being imperative to the success of that activity. The outmost circle references possible stakeholders:, those who may be important to the victory of the activity at the later stage. The methodology defines a concept that any activity of the organisation can only exist with the informed approval of its stakeholder community. Managing the relationships between the stakeholders community and the activity will augment the chances of the success. The community of stakeholders consists of individuals and groups having a different potential to influence the activitys result either positively or negatively. The team associated with the activity must develop knowledge about this stakeholder community. This information will help to define the suitable level and substance of communication required to affect stakeholders expectations and actions. The five steps are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Identification of all the stakeholders. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Prioritisation to determine who among the stakeholders is crucial. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Visualisation in order to determine the overall stakeholder community. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Engagement through effectual communications. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Monitoring the outcome of the engagement. LO3.3Evaluate the systems used by British Airways to involve stakeholders in the planning of change Key stakeholder are the stakeholders with major impact on or considerably influenced by the work and where these interests and influence must be accepted if the work is to be thriving. The British Airways stakeholders consist of the groups who are concerned in the British Airways business and that would be: -British Airways Workers who want BA to do well as the company pays their mortgages. -BA shareholders who want BA to do well because they have possession of the company and want their investments to increase. -BA suppliers as they make money by supplying the BA with goods and services. -BA customers as they want BA to do well so they can continue to use their service. STAKEHOLDER CIRCLE METHODOLOGY It is based on the concept that the success of any organisations activities to achieve its objectives depend upon the involvement of the stakeholder community. All decisions of the relationships are made from the point of view of the project manager. Team surrounds the activity which at times is overlooked in many stakeholder engagement processes. Surrounding the team there is stakeholder community that, at present time, is identified as the important factor for the victory of any activity. The outermost circle is of potential stakeholders those who are/will be crucial for the projects success at later stages. LO3.4 Were there any resistance to change? If so explain The CEO, Willie Walsh of British Airways, has faced major industrial action when he implements a change programme intended to develop the competitiveness of the BA. British Airways illustrates the unfreezing-moving-refreezing procedure of change. The changes at the BA faced the increased competition for example from the Virgin Atlantic Airways. Organisational change hence can be critical for the performance and the survival as well. BA is the largest UK airline. BA is the market leader but instead the low cost airlines can influence the decisions that BA makes. Boeing and airbus are the core BA suppliers. BA tries to keep a healthy relationship with the media in order to have good relation with the public. Stakeholder engagement British Airways has been important for many years. Networks of stakeholder relations exist within the Airways. In the BA change process, the time and attention change leaders spent on the unfreezing face is of particular note. When change leaders fail to see the unfreezing phase as a crucial and separate phase they often encounter problems. Resistance to change is likely to be strong without any explicit attention on the unfreezing phase and this ignorance towards the unfreezing phase is also the reason behind the failure of change efforts. There are two additional and crucial points. First is that the managers should not suppose all the change activities to occur in succession. Activities necessary in the one phase of the process may overlap with that of the next phase. For example- The change leaders may be engaged in the activity of the moving phase while continuing to convince people to the requirement of change which is an activity associated with the unfreezing phase. Second is that instead of an individual a team of the change leaders should guide the organisation through a important c hange effort. The team can work more efficiently than a single person as there is too much work like deciding how to better unfreeze people, vision development and its communication, generation of small wins, overseeing many change projects. Individuals of the team must possess knowledge related to all the problems needed for the change efforts and must have different point of view for various solutions. Leadership is also crucial in the context. The team needs individuals who are capable to lead the team efficiently and confidently. The team size is also a concern. Six may be enough for a smaller organisation while fifteen or more may be needed in a larger one. LO4 Planning to implement models for ensuring ongoing change LO4.1 How would you develop appropriate model for change for British Airways Lewins change model, according to me, is the appropriate model for change for the British Airways. It is outlined as below:- Lewins Change Model Organizations tend to always work in order to maintain a steady state and this may help us to understand that why do organizations require external force to initiate alteration and why that change will be opposed. Organizational change can occur at three levels and the patterns in each level need different change strategies. The levels involve: Changing the persons who are employees in the organization which includes changing their r skills, values, attitudes, and behaviour. Changing the organizational environment or interpersonal style which means that how open people are with one another, how the conflicts are managed and how decisions are taken, and so on. According to Lewin, the initial step of any change process it to unfreeze the current pattern of behavior as a way of managing opposition to the change. On the basis of the organizational level of change needed, such unfreezing may involve on the individual level by selectively promoting or terminating the employees and on the structural level- by developing highly experiential training, providing data based feedback on how employees feel about certain management practices. Each of these interventions is planned to make organizational members address that levels need for change. The next step, movement, involves making the definite changes that will shift the organization to any other level of response. On the individual level, we would anticipate to see people behaving in a different way, possibly representing new skills. At last, on the interpersonal- style level, we would anticipate to see behavior patterns that indicate better interpersonal trust and less dysfunctional interactions. The final stage of the change process which is refreezing involves stabilizing these This stage may involve redesigning the organizations employment process in order to increase the likelihood of hiring applicants who share the organizations new management style. LO4.2 Based on the case explain how you would plan and implement a model for change for British Airways British Airways used the same tools and faced the similar thing which others faced for their revival. They chose for manpower management and strategic movement. Future requirements of manpower were compared to that of the existing human resource. It identified skills and competencies. On the basis of the, the organization prepared a plan for developing the human resource strategy for preservation and removal with compensation. A process driven mechanism ensued to collect competencies that are vital in the organization. In order to achieve its goals the British Airways undertook strategic functions based on enterprise and the objectives were to make the organization competitive. In the British Airways, skill obsolesce are a major factor in the organisation. It needs deep-seated actions to be performed. Any organization has two categories its knowledge set, smart people and skill-sets that are ensured with job definitions. Overstaffing increase training cost and production cost. It also affects values, morale and productivity. If an organisation wants to create an optimised manpower planning designs then the following points are salient: 1. Delivery and allocation of manpower and Balancing of demand supply. 2. Human resource controlling. 3. Introducing policies on succession, transfers and repositioning of manpower. Internal/External Changes in the Organization Internal/external changes in the organisation are fairly natural. They add to innovations of competitive strategy. External changes include change in the customer need and taste, amendments in government policy while internal change is related to product and service design innovation, appointment of well-informed senior managers for fresh ideas in order to deliver better services. Amidst a set of fiscal problems, the only alternative that British Airways could take resort to was a privatization program. It had to sale government owned stakes to the private players. It influenced and improved the organizational performance; which was subjected to fierce competition. Lewins Model The model to be engaged for managing change is the Lewins model having three stages. The step one includes unfreezing which reduces the forces of change which maintains behaviour, identifies the need for change and the points that required enhancement. The step two consists of adopting movement for development of new attitude for the execution of the change and in the step three re-freezing is to be adopted in order to alleviate the change at new level. LO4.3How would you develop appropriate measures to monitor progress at British Airways Key Performance Indicators: KPIs or Key performance indicators are the financial and non-financial measures which are used to assist an organisation to measure its progress headed for a settled organisational objective. A key measure of companys success is customer recommendation. An onboard customer survey, British Airways Global Performance Monitor (GPM) survey and a follow up online survey on the arrivals process which provides monthly insights into the views of the customer. British Airways expect big things of everybody working for it. It invests in new leadership training; implementing comprehensible communication programmes and recuperating the way company supervise presentation in all the business areas by training and systems solutions. British Airways must attain a constantly strong financial performance to keep on investing for the future success of the business and provide enough shareholder returns. The main way for measuring financial performance is Operating margin. http://thanabut.blogspot.in/2007/05/1-introduction-this-report-is-written.html http://www.zeepedia.com/read.php?the_nature_of_planned_change_lewins_change_model_case_example_british_airways_organization_developmentb=52c=7 (function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "https://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })() http://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=the%20benefits%20of%20lewin%27s%20strategic%20change%20models%20as%20intervention%20techniques%20in%20british%20airwayssource=webcd=10ved=0CGkQFjAJurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fbooks%2FNBK43742%2Fei=RlMEUf7zC9DyrQfJpYDYDQusg=AFQjCNGFjP5000WlUvCFVexZLiT6ILiQNgcad=rja http://www.google.co.in/#hl=entbo=dsclient=psy-abq=the+benefits+of+lewin%27s+strategic+change+models+as+intervention+techniques+in+British+Airwaysoq=the+benefits+of+lewin%27s+strategic+change+models+as+intervention+techniques+in+British+Airwaysgs_l=serp.34565.14668.0.15522.10.10.0.0.0.2.2517.4891.9-2.2.0.les%3B..0.01c.1.1E8XqHvQoJkpbx=1bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.fp=39ca3a13ecaabac5biw=1024bih=637 www.mcqueens.ie/modules/189/strategic-change-management.html www.studymode.com/subjects/strategic-change-for-ba-page2.html www.britishairways.com/careers/strategyandplanning.shtml http://www.studymode.com/subjects/factors-driving-the-change-in-security-check-system-in-british-airways-page6.html www.ukessays.com à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Essays à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Business www.britishairways.com/cms/global/microsites/ba/ceo3.html http://www.projecttimes.com/articles/6-strategies-for-better-pm-ba-relationships.html www.guardian.co.uk à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Business à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º British Airways

Lead “Respect-Innovation-Teamwork and Dedication

1. Your using the Internet Internet has long been said to create life-changing impacts on the whole world. And I’m no exception as this worldwide network is an indispensable part of my daily life. First, it opens the global media and communication for me. Currently a student living far away from home, with the efficient help of the Internet, I can write email and have an online talk with my parent's and other family members, at any time we feel convenient. This advancement also grants me access to various mearns of entertainment, from my top-rated movies to the articles on the Times Magazine.On top of that, Internet redefines my way of collecting knowledge. Instead of looking up in huge books or turning through thousands pages of an encyclopedia, just typing the keyword in a search engine and a click is enough to get more than what you expect. As long as you are conscious of some faulty information, doing research online is a great idea. When assigned a paper or an essay on a subject, I don’t have to go through piles of books to collect data. With a computer connected to Internet, I can comfortably complete my research, which saves both my time and effort.And lastly, Internet provides me with the chance to study online inexpensively. Taking online foreign language courses, downloading precious e-books, attending lectures by famous university worldwide are some benefits of this. Overall, it seems to me that going online is advantageous in many ways. 2. A famous company You’ve probably heard of VAIO notebooks and ultrabooks, Walkman MP3 players, Cyber-shot ddigital cameras, PlayStation or Bravia TVs. Yes, I’m talking about Sony Corporation, a famous Japanese firm based right at the heart of Tokyo.Primarily focused on Electronics, Game, Entertainment and Financial Services, the company is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets and has historically been notable for  creating it s own in-house standards for new recording and storage technologies, instead of adopting those of others. The name Sony is derived from the Latin word â€Å"sonus† (sound) and a slang word â€Å"sonny,† which connotes smart and presentable young men. First started with only $530 in 1946 as â€Å"Tokyo Telecommunications Engineering Corporation,† the company, known as Sony since 1958, has go through many ups and downs.They started doing business in the USA in the 1960s and played a major role in the development of Japan as a powerful exporter during the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. Their production quality significantly contributed to promoting the â€Å"Made in Japan† brand worldwide. What’s more, it’s Sony that encourages the development of the Compact Disc in the 1980s and the PlayStation in 1990s. Its media presence also greatly expands in this time with the purchase of CBS Records and Columbia Pictures. However, they did experience some problems .Amid the global recession in the 1980s, analysts used to say â€Å"It’s over for Sony,† while the 1990s saw its unrewarding expansion into new businesses. And for the mid-to-late 2000s, it became known for its stagnancy, with a fading brand name. Despite all of the above, Sony with the slogan â€Å"make. believe† still remains my dream future working place. 3. Your health and fitness I really like a healthy lifestyle, and that’s why I take up daily jogging. The place that I go jogging from 5pm to 6pm each day is the Thong Nhat Park, which is only 1km from my house. The main reason why I think this aactivity healthy is because it helps me relaxed.My daily life involves a lot of stress, due to the heavy workload both at school and at my part-time workplace. Usually, the first 15 minutes is spent on my day recap- whether it was a good day filled with great news or a terrible and forgettable day. But gradually all these stress and strains of my life disappea r. The mere thought in my head at this time is all about the beauty of the lakes, the green fields and gusts of wind blowing. As I count every step of mine on the road, I just forget all and feel like I am refreshed, like all the things I’m worry about are eased.By the time I come back, I feel fresh as a daisy and ready to get shined, changed to go back to work. And of course, it also keeps me fit and healthy. In general, it’s an all-round exercise, and I absolutely love it. 4. An unforgettable memory with our class Up to now, college life has been great for me. 5. A modern product you like Some people may think about computer when talking about a favorite modern product of theirs, or they even consider it of utmost importance. But I’d say television. Ever since this wonderful invention, human history has started a new page.First, TV allows us to learn about what’s going on the world and grasp new knowledge inexpensively. Simply by sitting at home in fron t of the screen, an FTU student, for example, still knows that there’s a great tsunami and earthquake in Japan or watches American President Obama’s live speech. Such useful information from around the globe enables us to get a better understanding of the world we are currently living in. Or you can take my friend for another example. Her family couldn’t afford the high tuition fees of preparation courses for the university entrance exam.So she decided to watch and learn from the TV series â€Å"Luyen thi dai hoc. † And she passed the exam with flying colors, thanks to TV. What’s more, TV provides a wide vvariety of interesting programs that many enjoy after a long working day. The visual effects shown in movies, dramas, music shows makes people feel less stressed and relaxed. Imagine how excited you will be when meeting your favorite actor in the latest episode of a Korean drama after completing your assignment, with the help of TV, of course. Plu s, TV offers numerous shows and series which cater for various groups’ taste.This explains why it remains popular regardless of other mearns of communication’s rapid development. For all of the above, television is among my top choices. 6. Vietnamese business culture The recent years have seen a constantly increasing number of foreigners doing business in Vietnam, and it’s vital that they know basic Vietnamese business etiquette. In my opinion, demonstrating proficiency in Vietnamese business culture will certainly impress our partners. The meeting etiquette in Vietnam is generally warm and accepting; so ensuring your success and prosperous collaboration is all about following some simple rules. First, be prepared.Some basic knowledge about the South East Asia region and Vietnam in particular is enough. Second, you should establish trust with your Vietnamese partner, as they consider it of prime importance. It’s the tie building from trust that binds Viet namese society. What’s more, you should learn the language. You can easily communicate with them in English, but as in any other country, local people appreciate foreigners who can speak and use Vietnamese in contexts. It’s the fastest way to get immersed in this Asian culture and customs. Conversational business Vietnamese is in no way difficult compared to some other Asian languages.

Health Care Reform Essay - 836 Words

From FDR’s New Deal to Lyndon Johnson’s Great Society, the United States government has attempted to centralize extensive social policies. In the early eighties, when recession and inflation were at a high, Ronald Reagan took office and pronounced that the federal government needed to take a lesser role in the lives of the American people. As Theda Skocpol comments in her book Boomerang: Clinton’s Health Security Effort and the Turn Against Government in U.S. Politics, the Reagan administration instilled a dislike of centralized government in the American people. This was a major reason, according to Skocpol, why the Clinton Administration failed to nationalize â€Å"Health Security†. It was this fear of centralized government and Clinton’s†¦show more content†¦The predominantly white bourgeoisie saw such reforms as a financial threat. The civil rights act of 1964 was a distant promise to the underprivileged for a better way of living. The American people were not willing to give up some of their money so that the more unfortunate could a have a better way of living. The reaction to â€Å"The Great Society† conveyed the American public’s unwillingness to sacrifice their economic security for the unfortunate. The federal government would not take a bigger role. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the eighties Ronald Reagan came into power and instilled an intense fear of big government into the American people. As Theda Skocpol says â€Å"†¦debt and disillusionment with the federal government were growing before the 1980s. But the republican ascendancy of that decade exploded the deficit and deliberately encouraged cynicism about public efforts to address national problems.† The Reagan administration worked to cut taxes and spending on what was called â€Å"wasteful† government programs. The democrats, who in the Congressional majority, attempted to maintain the programs that already existed. Yet the republican forces would eventually starve the existing programs in order to cut the federal budget. Twelve years after Reagan and Bush took office the annual deficit rose from 59 billion in 1980 to 300 billion in 1992 and the national debt rose from 914 billionShow MoreRelatedThe Reform Of The Health Care Reform Essay822 Words   |à ‚  4 PagesThe latest health care reform has done what few policies manage to do – sicken both republicans and progressive democrats. While we can all agree that a reform of the health care system is sorely needed, we must also acknowledge that â€Å"Obamacare† is not the cure-all we so desperately require. Rather, President Obama, like a medieval barber, prescribed a health care reform that treated the symptoms of our flawed system rather than the actual disease. 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Personality, Psychology, And Psychology - 1929 Words

Measuring Personality Imagine being able to scan anyone to know their minds profile. People present themselves through their personality, and psychology is like the minds functionality breakdown. Psychology and personality go hand and hand together. Using psychology and examination, personality can be measured and determined. To discover the basics of how one would determine personality psychologically, it is important to understand the basics of what psychology is and what personality is. According to the urban dictionary psychology is the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context. The urban dictionary defines personality as the combination of characteristics or†¦show more content†¦There are many theories and measures of personality and how to properly determine and break ones personality. One obvious way to measure and examine a state of someone would be to test them. There are many personality tests to de termine the strong suits, weaknesses, and the inbetweens of someones personality. One test in particular is called the Jung personality test. What the Jung personality text basically does is it asks a series of questions that covers different fields of how one would act and feel in various different fields based on some different life situations and concepts and uses that to decipher a personality field that best fits the tested persons answers. A more detailed explanation on how the Jung personality test works is by how the creator, Carl Jung, thought how personality was split into three different fields, these field had two opposite categories in them, telling which one would fit an individual. The first field would be to fall between either having extraversion or introversion tendencies. These tendencies have to do with ones energy and expression; extraversion being to have more external energy, and introversion being have to do with internal expression to the world. Then the sec ond section is having sensing or intuition tendencies, have to do with